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Italian citizenship by descent — known as jure sanguinis — is now a highly technical, case-specific area of law following significant statutory changes that took effect in 2025. The prior broad ancestry-based standard no longer applies. Eligibility today depends on your specific family line, the citizenship history of your Italian ancestor, and whether your circumstances meet the current qualifying conditions under Italian Law 91/1992 as amended.
We advise clients on whether a viable path may exist under the current framework and assist in preparing a legally organized filing for the competent Italian consular post.
Under current Italian law, citizenship by descent is no longer available under the prior broad ancestry-based rule. Recognition may be available only if the applicant falls within at least one qualifying category under Law 91/1992, as amended in 2025.
These categories may include, among others, applicants born in Italy to an Italian parent; applicants who hold only Italian citizenship and cannot claim any other citizenship; applicants with a parent or grandparent who held only Italian citizenship; or applicants whose Italian parent satisfied certain residence requirements in Italy before the applicant’s birth or adoption.
Each case requires individual review of the family line, citizenship history, naturalization records, and applicable consular rules.
Foreign spouses and civil union partners of Italian citizens may apply for Italian citizenship based on marriage or civil union. Current consular guidance requires, among other things, that the marriage be registered in Italy, that the couple has generally been married for at least three years (or half that period if they have children together), that the marriage remains valid at the time of application, and that the applicant demonstrates B1-level Italian language proficiency unless a recognized exemption applies.
We assist with eligibility review, filing strategy, apostille and translation review, criminal record planning, language certificate issues, and preparation for consular follow-up.
Italian citizenship applications require extensive civil documentation. Every case is different, and the specific records needed will depend on your family line, the country your ancestor emigrated from, and the consular jurisdiction handling your application. The following are documents that commonly appear in these filings.
Italian birth record (estratto dell'atto di nascita) for the Italian parent or grandparent, issued within the past six months by the relevant Italian comune. Long-form birth, marriage, and death certificates for every person in the line of descent, including the applicant — legalized and translated into Italian if issued outside Italy. Documentation from the country or countries of emigration demonstrating that the Italian ancestor did not naturalize abroad. If the ancestor did naturalize, a notarized copy of the naturalization certificate is also required; for U.S. naturalizations where the birth date does not appear on the certificate, records must be requested from the National Archives (NARA). Consulate-specific forms (Application, Form 1, Form 2, and Form 3 or 4 depending on whether the Italian ancestor is living) must be notarized and apostilled within six months of the appointment date.
Criminal records from all countries where the applicant has resided. For U.S.-based applicants, this includes a federal FBI criminal record in addition to any applicable state records. Proof of the marriage registration in Italy. Documentation of Italian language proficiency at the B1 level, unless an exemption applies.
Valid passport copy. Proof of residence (driver's license, recent utility bill, or tax statement showing name and address). Payment by money order or cashier's check made out to the relevant Italian consulate — personal checks are not accepted. Printout of the appointment confirmation from the consulate's online booking system.